CHAPTER 3
94
Syntax
Each cross-reference subsection contains entries for a contiguous range of object
numbers. The subsection begins with a line containing two numbers separated by
a space: the object number of the first object in this subsection and the number of
entries in the subsection. For example, the line
28 5
introduces a subsection containing five objects numbered consecutively from 28
to 32.
Note:
A given object number must not have an entry in more than one subsection
within a single section. However, see implementation note 15 in Appendix H.
Following this line are the cross-reference entries themselves, one per line. Each
entry is exactly 20 bytes long, including the end-of-line marker. There are two
kinds of cross-reference entries: one for objects that are in use and another for
objects that have been deleted and therefore are free. Both types of entries have
similar basic formats, distinguished by the keyword
n
(for an in-use entry) or
f
(for a free entry). The format of an in-use entry is
nnnnnnnnnn ggggg
n
eol
where
nnnnnnnnnn
is a 10-digit byte offset
ggggg
is a 5-digit generation number
n
is a literal keyword identifying this as an in-use entry
eol
is a 2-character end-of-line sequence
The byte offset is a 10-digit number, padded with leading zeros if necessary,
giving the number of bytes from the beginning of the file to the beginning of the
object. It is separated from the generation number by a single space. The
generation number is a 5-digit number, also padded with leading zeros if
necessary. Following the generation number is a single space, the keyword
n
, and
a 2-character end-of-line sequence. If the file’s end-of-line marker is a single
character (either a carriage return or a line feed), it is preceded by a single space;
if the marker is 2 characters (both a carriage return and a line feed), it is not
preceded by a space. Thus, the overall length of the entry is always exactly 20
bytes.